Year  2 Term 3

Key Concepts – Number –  Multiplication and Division

• To learn multiplication facts to memory to help reduce cognitive overload and to help understand conceptual relationships and to help solve problems.
• To use their multiplication facts to help work out related unknown facts.
• That you will get a larger number when multiplying 2 positive integers
• That you will get a smaller number when dividing 2 positive integers.
• That multiplication and division are inverse operations and to use this to help solve problems.
• Link multiplication with repeated addition and division with repeated subtraction.
• That multiplication is commutative but that division isn’t. Use arrays to support the visual image.
• That division can be sharing or grouping – to use the most appropriate in solving calculations.
• To recognise relationships such as 5 x is the same as half of 10 x
• To recognise and begin to use relationships such as doubling and doubling again is the same as 4 x.
• That the symbol for multiplication is x and the symbol for division is ÷

Key Vocabulary –

Multiplication, Multiplying, Times, Repeated addition

Division, Dividing, Grouping, Sharing, Repeated Subtraction

Times Tables

Arrays

Key Concepts – Geometry – Properties of shape

• Initially 2D shapes are defined by the number of sides and vertices they have and that there are regular and irregular shapes and that some 2D shapes have specific names dependent upon their properties.
• Pupils need a clear understanding that the number of sides, the number of vertices, symmetrical properties and size of angle are the properties of shape and how shapes are defined.
• It is better for learning if children know the properties of shapes and not just learn the typical regular shapes from observation.
• That the properties of a shape define a shape whatever the orientation.
• That a shape is always enclosed and isn’t a shape unless it starts and finishes at the same point.
• 2D shapes are the faces of 3D shapes and that there are different 3D shapes that share the same 2D shapes.

Key Vocabulary –

Cube, Cuboid, Cylinder, Sphere, Square, Rectangle, Oblong, Circle, Shape, 2D, 3D, Properties, Sides, Edges, Corners, Face, Vertices, Symmetry

Common Misconceptions – Multiplication and Division

That division is commutative

The difficulty for children to see the difference between the addition and multiplication symbol – needs explicit teaching

Lack of understanding that when multiplying 2 numbers the first number is multiplied that many times by the second number ie 3 x 4 is the same as 3 + 3 + 3 + 3

That any number multiplied by 10 is 10 times bigger etc. (Children need visual imagery to understand this concept)

Children find the multiplication facts for 6 x, 7 x, 8 x and 9 x more difficult to remember.

Common Misconception – Properties of shape

Children only recognise only those shapes that are typically illustrated –ie do not recognise an upside down triangle.

What do we mean by a 2D shape and a 3D shape – 2D just have length and width and 3D have length, width and breadth

That 2D shapes are only found as a face of a 3D shape. (You are not able to hold a 2D shape.)

That it doesn’t matter in what orientation a shape is, it is still that shape according to properties, ie a square or ‘upside down’ triangle (ie orientation doesn’t matter.

That some shapes fall into several categories ie a square can be defined as a rectangle and quadrilateral (also a parallelogram and rhombus not covered in Yr2)